India: carrier liability conventions for cargo

Which international cargo liability regimes India is bound by, from the treaty depositaries' records.

Summary

Ocean (shipments from India): no Hague-family convention by treaty; Hague-Visby Rules shown as an indicative contractual default.
Air: Montreal Convention 1999 (26 SDR/kg) on routes to other MC99 parties.
Road: not a CMR party; national law/contract governs.
Rail: not an OTIF Member State.

Ocean calculator from India Air calculator

Ocean

Instrument	Status	Source
Hague Rules 1924	Not a party	Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (depositary): States bound by the 1924 Bills of Lading Convention
Visby Protocol 1968	Not a party	Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (depositary): States bound by the 1968 Visby Protocol (last modified 28 May 2021)
SDR Protocol 1979	Not a party	Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (depositary): States bound by the 1979 SDR Protocol
Hamburg Rules 1978	Not a party	UN Treaty Collection, Hamburg Rules (XI-D-3)

National law (to confirm): India applies Hague-based rules through its Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (1925, as re-enacted); current limits to confirm.

Air

Instrument	Status	Date / note	Source
Montreal Convention 1999	Party	1 May 2009 (accession) Entry into force 30 Jun 2009.	ICAO, Current list of parties to the Montreal Convention 1999
Warsaw Convention 1929	Party	9 Feb 1970 (succession)	ICAO, Parties to the Warsaw Convention 1929 and The Hague Protocol 1955
The Hague Protocol 1955	Party	14 Feb 1973	ICAO, Parties to the Warsaw Convention 1929 and The Hague Protocol 1955
Montreal Additional Protocol No. 4	To confirm	MAP4 status not retrieved from ICAO during this build.

Road

Instrument	Status	Date / note	Source
CMR 1956	Not a party		UN Treaty Collection, CMR (XI-B-11)

Rail

Instrument	Status	Date / note	Source
COTIF 1999 / CIM	Not a party	Not listed among OTIF Member States.	OTIF, Member States

FAQ

Is India a party to the Hague-Visby Rules?

India is not listed by the Belgian depositary as a party to the Visby or SDR Protocols. Check national law and your bill of lading.

Which air cargo liability limit applies to flights from India?

India is a party to the Montreal Convention 1999 (ratification/accession 1 May 2009 (accession)). Between MC99 parties the cargo limit is 26 SDR per kg from 28 December 2024.

Does CMR apply to trucking from India?

India is not listed as a CMR party. CMR can still apply to a road leg if the other country is a party, since CMR applies when either the place of taking over or delivery is in a contracting country.

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Status checked against depositary records on 2026-10-16. "Not a party" means not listed by the depositary. General information only, not legal or insurance advice. Limits depend on the contract, the documents issued, declared values, national law and the facts of each case. Check the primary sources and consult a qualified professional before relying on any figure.